Essential Oils

Introduction

Aromatherapy - Safety Data

Essential Oil Guide

Aromatherapy - An Abridged Introduction

GENERAL SAFETY DATA

Aromatherapy oils must never be consumed.

Store all aromatherapy oils away from children and pets.

Never use neat oils on babies and children (see relevant section for further guidelines).

Keep oils away from the eye area.  Aromatherapy oils should never be used directly in or around the eye.  Take care to wash and dry hands thoroughly after mixing oils, applying a massage, or taking an aromatherapy bath, so that oils will not be transferred to the eyes.

If an aromatherapy oil gets into the eye, DO NOT attempt to flush it out with water.  Oil and water do not mix and this will make matters worse. Instead, flush the eye out with a safe carrier oil such as olive oil and seek medical attention immediately, taking the bottle of oil with you.

Never seek to treat serious medical and/or psychological conditions at home.  Always seek appropriate trained medical care.

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NEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES use any of the following oils.

They are either a narcotic, toxic, cause a miscarriage, produce epileptic type fits or cause serious skin damage.

Aniseed

Arnica

Bitter Almond

Bitter Fennel

Boldo Leaf

Calamus

Camphor

Cassia

Cinnamon Bark

Cosus

Dwarf Pine

Elecampane

Horseradish

Jaborandi Leaf

Mugwort

Mustard

Origanum

Pennyroyal

Rue

Sage

Sassafras

Savin

Savory

Southernwood

Tansy

Thuja

Wintergreen

Wormseed

Wormwood

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Toxic oils -  Use the following oils with extreme caution and never use for more than a few days.  It is safest to use the following oils, only under the direction of a fully qualified aromatherapist.

Basil

Cedarwood

Cinnamon Leaf

Eucalyptushyssop

Lemon

Orange

Nutmeg

Sweet Fennel

Thyme

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Skin Irritants -  Always dilute the following oils to 1% of carrier oil before use.  Stop use immediately if skin irritation or rash occurs.

Angelica

Black Pepper

Cinnamon

Citronella

Clove

Ginger

Lemon

Lemmongrass

Lemon Verbena

Orange

Nutmeg

Peppermint

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Epilepsy - Never use the following oils if you suffer from epilepsy.

Hyssop

Rosemary

Sage

Thyme

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Homeopathy - The use of homeopathy is not compatible with the use of the following oils.

Black Pepper

Camphor

Eucalyptus

ALL Mint oils

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Photosensitizing Oils - Do not use the following oils on skin before exposure to the sun.

Angelica

Bergamot

Lemon

Orange

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Pregnancy - Throughout pregnancy, only use half the stated amount of oils.

DO NOT use the following oils at all for the entire pregnancy.

Basil

Birch

Cedarwood

Clary Sage

Cypress

Geranium

Hyssop

Jasmine

Juniper

Marjoram

Myrrh

Nutmeg

Peppermint

Rosemary

Tarragon

Thyme

Avoid the following oils during the first 3 months completely and use with extreme caution during the rest of the pregnancy.

Chamomile

Geranium

Lavender

Rose

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Age Guidelines

Babies & Children - Never use undiluted oil on babies and children.

Never leave a baby or child unsupervised with a bowl of hot water when giving inhalation treatment.

Only give an inhalation treatment to a child for a few seconds at a time, to a maximum of 30 seconds.  If the child becomes distressed or the skin becomes irritated, stop the treatment immediately.

Never give oils to be ingested.

Keep oils away from children.

Keep oils away from eyes.

Never seek to treat a serious illness or accident at home with aromatherapy oils.  Always seek trained medical care immediately.

If minor conditions do not improve within 24 hours, take the child to see a qualified medical practitioner.

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Babies (0-12 months) - Only use the following oils (unless otherwise directed by a qualified aromatherapist)

Chamomile

Lavender

Mandarin

Rose

Only use 1 drop of one of the above oils diluted in 1 tablespoon of suitable carrier oil in bath or as a gentle massage (avoid massaging face, hands and feet).

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Infants (1-5 years of age) - Only use oils that are non-toxic and non skin irritant (see above lists).  Use 2-3 drops of chosen oil, diluted in 1 tablespoon of suitable base oil and used as a massage or bath.

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Children (6-12 years of age) - Half the stated adult dose may be used.

Children (12 years plus) - Use dosage for adults.

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WARNING:  If using oils in bath, insure that the baby/child does not drink the bath water or get the water in their eyes - do not wash their hair with the bath water.

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Adults - Unless otherwise specified, oils should not be used neat on the skin.

Always dilute with a carrier oil for massages and baths. As a rough guide, use 7-25 drops of aromatherapy oil (dependent upon strength of oil - see specific oils for further guidance)  to 25ml of carrier oil.

Remember that the aromatherapy oil, when mixed with a base oil, will lay on the top of the bath water and thereby give a good coverage across the surface on the skin.  The pores of the skin will be open by the action of the warm water and the oil will be easily absorbed into the body in a gentle manner.

If bathing in aromatherapy oil is not possible due to either illness, injury, or disability, a footbath with appropriate oils will still prove effective.

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Compresses

Hot compress - Fill a bowl with very hot water (not boiling) and add 5 drops of aromatherapy oil.  Dip a face flannel/cloth or large piece of cotton-wool into the mix and squeeze out excess water.  Apply cloth to affected area and wait until it has cooled to blood temperature and repeat.

Hot compresses are suitable for treating back pain, abscesses, rheumatism, earache, period pain, and toothache.

Cold compress - Same as hot compresses but use ice cold water.

Cold compresses are suitable for treating headaches, sprains, muscle strain, and mild cases of swelling as a result of an accident.

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Essential Oil Guide

The following essential oil guide contains information specific to each oil, including usage and spiritual properties.  These oils can also be found in the Awesome Universe Shoppe.

BERGAMOT

Do not use Bergamot on the skin, prior to exposing skin to the sun.  This photosensitizing effect will last for several days after use.

Bergamot is most beneficial when used to treat the following:

Urinary tract infections

Depression & anxiety

Skin care

This is one of the most effective oils in aromatherapy when treating cystitis and urethritis, as it will treat it on two fronts; bacterially and emotionally.

Many cases of cystitis begin as urethritis.  The infection will then travel up from the urethra to the bladder causing cystitis.  Bergamot, if used in the early stages of infection, will prevent the bacteria from spreading to the bladder.  It is best used in the bath (please see separate notes for dilution and usage).  It can also be used as a localized wash.  This has the added benefit of reducing or relieving vaginal itching.  For a localized wash, please use this oil highly diluted, suggested dilution 0.5 - 1%.

Many people who get recurrent cystitis infections tend to be nervous, anxious, and/or depressed.  These feelings will often spark off a cystitis attack and yet another attack will increase depression and anxiety.  Bergamot's mood lifting effects will help to break this vicious cycle.  Bergamot is a gentle mood lifter and relaxant rather than stimulant.

If cystitis does not respond to this treatment and/or a fever develops, contact a doctor immediately.

It is a good oil to use to stimulate the appetite of a convalescent.

It also is a very good oil for treating acne, oily skin, and infected skin conditions.  To treat such conditions it is best used as a gentle facial massage, blended with a mild skin cream or as a facial steam bath.  A hot compress will also help to draw out the infection of a boil and speed up the healing.

As a cold compress, Bergamot is very soothing and cooling for fevers.

It is soothing for any of the herpes complex viruses (i.e. chicken pox, shingles, cold sores).  Dab a little on the area either neat or mixed with a little alcohol.

It also makes an excellent deodorant and its fresh citrus smell makes it attractive to men who may be put off by the more feminine and flowery scents of other aromatherapy oils.

It is also an effective insect repellent when used in a burner.  Do not use on skin due to photosensitizing properties.

Bergamot also contains the following properties:

Analgesic

Anti-inflammatory

Antiseptic

Antiviral

Bactericide

Deodorant

Expectorant

Febrifuge

Sedative

Vulnerary

Spiritual Properties:

• Bergamot is ruled by the Sun.
• It is used to lift the spirits, relax, revitalize, and promote a sunny disposition by helping to overcome a "victim" mentality and feelings of disempowerment.
• It aids clarity of the mind.
• It balances and harmonizes body, mind, and spirit.
• Assists one to connect to one's Higher Self and inner purpose.

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CEDARWOOD

Do not use during the entire term of pregnancy.

Do not use for extended long periods.

There are several types of cedar trees that yield oil, but only "cedrus atlantica" or "atlas cedar" produces an oil that has properties which are useful in aromatherapy.

This is a very aromatic oil, which has long and widely been used as an incense.

Cedarwood is a very powerful antiseptic and is particularly useful in treating urinary infections, cystitis, and vaginal infections and discharges.  Its mild diuretic effect is especially helpful with bladder and urinary complaints and any bloating and water retention that occurs prior to menstruation.

It can quickly breakdown mucus and so is very good in treating bronchitis and catarrh.

Cedarwood's mild astringent and antiseptic properties make it very useful in the treatment of acne.

Its "masculine" aroma makes it an attractive oil to use when treating men and teenage boys.  It is often used in the production of aftershaves.

Cedarwood has long been considered to be a male aphrodisiac.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Sun.
• It will aid focus and clarity.
• It is used for the consecration and purification of personal altars, sacred spaces and spiritual tools.
• It can aid the releasement of mental and emotional anguish and therefore help the individual to gain spiritual composure.

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CHAMOMILE

A mild, soothing, and calming aromatherapy oil that is suitable for sensitive skin which makes it ideal for use with babies and young children (see separate information notes on treating babies and children).

It is has a soothing, calming, and anti-inflammatory effect upon digestive tract disorders, especially colitis, gastritis, dyspepsia, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, and infantile colic.  Gently massage the diluted oil on the stomach area in a circular clockwise motion.

As a hot compress it will draw out the infection in boils, abscesses, infected cuts, splinters, and tooth abscesses (apply to the cheek near the pain - not to the inside of mouth).

A cold compress applied to the forehead and temples is ideal for treating headaches and insomnia.

Chamomile's disinfecting action makes it a gentle option for the treatment of cystitis and other urinary tract infections in young children.  Chamomile tea, taken daily by adults, is a good preventative measure against kidney stones and bladder complaints.  Chamomile tea bags soaked in boiling water and cooled, and applied to the eyes are ideal for eye infections (never use aromatherapy oils in or near eyes).

Chamomile's diuretic properties make it ideal as a treatment for fluid retention that can accompany PMS.  Its emotionally calming and antidepressant properties will also be helpful at this time.  It is also used to treat women who experience a heavy blood loss at this time.

It is a gentle painkiller for muscular pain and inflamed and swollen joints, such as arthritis, sprains, inflamed tendons, and housemaid knees.

Its gentle action makes it especially good for sensitive skin, soothing eczema and urticaria (allergy rashes), treating acne, burns, cuts, and chilblains.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Sun.
• It will aid focus and clarity.
• It is used for the consecration and purification of personal altars, sacred spaces, and spiritualtools.
• It can aid the releasement of mental and emotional anguish, therefore, helping the individual to gain spiritual composure.

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CLARY SAGE

Do not use during the entire term of pregnancy.

Do not use with alcohol.  (It will disturb sleep patterns and can induce extremely bad nightmares which have been described as similar to a bad LSD "trip".)

Do not use prior to driving or operating dangerous machinery.

Do not use if you suffer with high blood pressure.

Clary Sage is used in aromatherapy in preference to traditional sage, as it contains all of sage's beneficial properties but none of its toxicity.

This oil is very good for those suffering from stress or tension, or who may have problems getting to sleep or remaining asleep due to stress.  Use a very little (suggested dosage, 2 drops of oil to 1 tablespoon of carrier oil), in a bath immediately prior to bedtime for a good night's sleep.  This is such a relaxing bath, that drowsiness will occur very quickly, so this should only be used when the individual is able to sleep immediately.  It is also a powerful muscle relaxant and must never be used on babies or children.  Use with care due to its fast acting nature.

Its powerful muscle relaxant properties means that it is often used to treat asthma attacks and migraines in adults.  For asthma, treat with inhalation, this will relax the bronchial tubes.  Migraines are best treated with a cold compress to the forehead.

Digestive disorders that are characterized by muscle contractions or spasms, or are the result of stress, can be relieved applying a hot compress or by gentle massage to the stomach area.

It is a useful oil for treating women who suffer from very heavy bleeding during their menstrual cycle or those who have scant or missing periods.  But it should only be used in the first half of the menstrual cycle.  If it is used in the second half it can bring about very heavy bleeding.

It can also be used to treat greasy hair with dandruff.  Using 2 drops of oil in the final rinsing water (take great care not to get the oil in the eyes) after shampooing, will reduce the amount of excess sebum in the scalp.

It is also used as an aphrodisiac for couples who are going through a "bad patch" in their relationship due to stress and worry.

Spiritual Properties:

• The ancient Romans regarded this as a "sacred herb" that could banish all grief from the mind and body.
• It is aligned with Jupiter.
• It is used for protection and purification.
• Clary Sage is used for chakra clearing and aligning.
• It is used for increasing energy and balancing energies.
• It encourages connection to "higher self".
• It aids a spiritual perspective on mundane problems by releasing tension and promoting wisdom and understanding.

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EUCALYPTUS (Radiata)

Use only for a few days at a time to prevent skin irritation.

There are many types of eucalyptus oil.  Radiata is the most beneficial to use in aromatherapy and least likely to cause skin irritation.

Eucalyptus oil is best known as a decongestant for coughs and colds.  It is less well known for its powerful bacterial and antiviral properties.  So great is its antibacterial properties, that a spray containing just 2% of eucalyptus will kill 70% of staphylococci in the air.

It is very good for treating colds and flu as it not only soothes the presenting symptoms, but will also inhibit the growth of the virus.  It is good to use as a preventative, in an oil burner, during the traditional cold and flu season.

It is an effective insect repellent, especially for mosquitoes and flies.  Fill a plant spray bottle with water and some oil and spray liberally around room.

Eucalyptus is also a powerful pain killer that is particularly useful when combined with bergamot for treating coldsores, shingles, and herpes complex.

It also has diuretic properties and can be used to treat urinary tract infections, burns, and wounds. However, there are more effective oils to use for treating these areas.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Moon and Mercury.
• Eucalyptus is used to aid healing.
• It is used in ceremonies to banish negative energies from buildings and people.

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FRANKINCENSE

Frankincense possesses the unique ability to slow down and deepen the breath.  This soon produces a feeling of deep relaxation and calm.  This feeling is very conducive to prayer and meditation.  It comes as no surprise that it has been used by many religions for many thousands of years.

Its ability to relax and deepen the breath, makes it an invaluable oil in the treatment of respiratory illnesses.  It will calm coughs and eases breathing for those suffering from bronchial coughs and catarrh.  It is also very useful for treating asthma attacks, as it slows and deeps the breathing process by relaxing the bronchial spasms.  For the treatment here, a gentle massage on the chest is more beneficial than using inhalation as this can aggravate the condition and worsen the attack.  Inhalation with frankincense is therefore not advisable.

Frankincense contains astringent properties making it ideal for inclusion in skin care preparations that will be used on older skin.  It has a tonic effect that will restore the skin tone to slack looking facial skin.  It also slows down the appearance of wrinkles and it may help to reduce those wrinkles that have already appeared.  It is also good for treating skin blemishes, scars, and wounds.

Frankincense has been used for centuries as a treatment for uterine and genital infections.  It is also useful for treating cystitis and also reducing the amount of blood loss for women who suffer from heavy bleeding during menstruation.  Use either in the bath or as a gentle massage over the abdomen.

The oil's calming and soothing effect upon the emotions means it is often used as a gentle sedative.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Sun.
• Frankincense has been used for many centuries to drive out evil spirits.
• It has the ability to break the links with the past and is especially useful for those people who dwell on past events to the detriment of their present situation.
• It is often used in ceremonies of consecration, purification, and protection.
• It is useful for overcoming overwhelming grief, fear, and other negative emotions.
• Its primary property is in aiding meditation, spiritual understanding, focusing intent, and increasing compassion.

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JASMINE

Do not use during the entire term of pregnancy.

Jasmine is known as "the King of oils" (rose oil is known as the Queen).  It is a very strong, powerful, and long lasting oil, with a huge variety of uses.

It is a costly oil, due to the enormous quantity of jasmine flowers that are required to make the smallest drop of oil and the very labor intensive process used to extract the oil from the flowers.  Jasmine flowers are harvested at night, as their scent is far stronger then.  Be wary of cheap jasmine oil, or "bargains".  These oils tend to have been extracted by using petroleum spirits, which kills the flower instantly and produces neither the quality nor the odor that is required for aromatherapy, which the slower process produces.  Jasmine oil produced by petroleum extraction is of no use in aromatherapy.  Jasmine oil has never successfully been replicated artificially.  If you have only been used to smelling artificial jasmine, you are in for a real treat when you smell the real thing.

The initial cost of Jasmine oil is quickly offset, as the oil is so highly concentrated that only a little is needed each time.

One of the most beneficial properties that Jasmine has in aromatherapy, is that of lifting the mood of the patient.  It is used successfully for treating mild depression, lethargy, nervous exhaustion, and fatigue.

Although it is known as "the King of oils", it has many uses for female reproductive complaints.  Although it should never be used during pregnancy, if used during the early stages of labor, as a massage on the abdomen and lower back, its mild painkilling and sedative properties will give some pain relief and comfort and will also aid the expulsion of the placenta after delivery.  Its antidepressant properties also make it ideal for treating mild postnatal depression.  A gentle massage will also bring relief from premenstrual tension, pain, and cramps.  It can also be used to treat symptoms of menopause.

It is also suitable for use in beauty products for those with sensitive skin or when skin becomes irritated and inflamed.  Used in the final rinse after shampooing (taking great care not to get the oil in eyes) it will help those with a greasy scalp.

It is also a good remedy for catarrhal coughs, but other cheaper aromatherapy oils are just as beneficial for this complaint.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Moon and Venus.
• Jasmine has been used for centuries in magic spells and potions to attract love and romance.
• Because jasmine is ruled by the moon, its use will enhance moon rituals, manifestations, and meditations.
• Its mood lifting properties make it ideal for soothing the inner self prior to meditation, increasing inner strength, reawakening lost interests, aiding mental, emotional and spiritual peace, by dispelling heavy energies and emotions.
• It stimulates the kundalini energy and its ability to work upon both the spiritual and physical levels, means that it is often used in tantric rituals.
• It is also used to promote prophetic dreams and astral travel.

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LAVENDER

Do not use during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

Lavender is a very chemically complex oil that lends itself to being extremely versatile in the area of aromatherapy.

It is a calming, soothing, and balancing oil.  Its ability to restore the equilibrium between the mind and body leads the individual to a state where true healing can occur on many levels.

Very few people are allergic to lavender.  Those who are, usually have a history of hay fever, asthma, and/or eczema.   A good way to know if you may have a problem with this oil is if you don't like the smell of lavender, then it probably isn't for you.

This is one of the few oils that is safe to use with babies and young children.  One drop of oil in a baby's bath will relax a fretful baby, whether it is colic or teething that is the cause.

Lavender contains antiseptic, antibiotic, and decongestant properties that make it valuable in treating colds, coughs, catarrh, earache, flu, throat infections, and sinus infections.

Its antibacterial and antiseptic properties also make it suitable for treating abscesses, boils, eczema, insect bites and stings, acne, and sciatica.

Although lavender oil is not to be used during the first 3 months of pregnancy, it contains strong painkilling properties, which make it useful when used during labor to reduce the pain of contractions and speed up contractions, therefore speeding up the labor.  It also helps to expel the afterbirth.  A gentle massage will also help to reduce menstrual pain.

Lavender contains mild sedative properties and has been used for centuries to combat insomnia.  A lavender bath followed by placing 2 drops of lavender oil on to your pillow will usually produce a restful night's sleep.

It has a soothing action upon the digestive tract and can be used to treat abdominal cramps, dyspepsia, flatulence, and nausea.

Its sedative and painkilling properties make it an ideal choice for treating headaches, especially those caused by tension or anxiety.

Lavender also contains antidepressant properties, making it useful to rebalance those in an emotional state, and can be used to treat mild depression.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned to Mercury.
• Traditionally, Lavender has been used in rituals surrounding marriage, birth, fasting, and purification.
• It is said to promote inner peace, aid meditation, increase mental clarity, and clairvoyance.
• It is used to aid centering and grounding.
• It increases the understanding of spiritual love.
• It is used to protect against emotional and spiritual violence and psychic attack during sleep.

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MANUKA

This is a fairly new oil in the repertoire of the western aromatherapist.  It has a long tradition of use by the indigenous New Zealand population.  In acknowledgment it is sometimes referred to as the "Maori Ti Tree".  This is a misleading name to give it, however, as although it contains all the same properties as Ti Tree, it contains many more properties that Ti Tree does not.  From a personal point of view I have found it to be a far superior oil with wider applications.

Manuka's main and most powerful properties are as follows:

Analgesic/painkiller

Antiviral

Antifungal

Antihistamine

Antiseptic

Bactericide

Decongestant

Insect repellent

Sudorific (promotes sweating)

Manuka is valuable in treating respiratory tract infections and is an effective decongestant; proving useful in treating colds, catarrh, sinus infections, and bronchitis.

Its antiviral and antiseptic properties make it ideal for treating coldsores, sore throats, cuts, spots, acne, and boils.

This oil does have the advantage of being able to be used neat upon the skin, but if used repeatedly it will dry the skin out.  So if you have dry or sensitive skin, dilute the oil heavily (approximately 1-2%) in a rich and heavy carrier oil such as hemp oil or jojoba.

Manuka's analgesic and powerful antihistamine properties make it exceptionally good for treating insect bites and stings.  One drop of the oil dabbed neat on to the bite or sting will bring almost immediate relief from itching and pain.  One of my children seems to be a fast food outlet for most flying, biting insects and in the summer months, when he is most prone to being bitten, I mix 5 drops of manuka to 1/4 cup of hemp oil, and apply this mix to his exposed skin (avoiding his face) and it proves to be an effective insect repellent.

I have also used manuka and hemp oil (12 drops to 1/4 cup of hemp oil) as a quick and effective head lice treatment for my children.  An my cats haven't escaped either; I have mixed 25 drops to 1/2 pint of water, mixed in a plant spray bottle, and used it as a cat flea treatment and sprayed the same mix on the soft furnishings the cats sleep on.

Used in an oil burner, Manuka gives quick relief from hay fever symptoms.

Its analgesic action means it is good for cramps, other muscular pains and strains, and rheumatism.

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LEMONGRASS

A skin irritant which can damage skin.

Dilute to a maximum of 1% before use and only use for short periods of time.

Lemongrass oil has had a long traditional use in India, especially against infectious diseases and fevers, due to it containing a very powerful antiseptic, bactericide, and painkilling properties.

It is very soothing for headaches, but dilute heavily in a carrier oil (maximum of 1% oil to carrier) before gently massaging around the temples and forehead.

It can also be used as a refreshing and deodorizing bath.  Use a maximum of 3 drops in an adult bath.  It is also good in a foot bath for deodorizing and refreshing tired and aching feet.

It is an effective insect repellent, especially for flies, when used in a burner.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Sun.
• It is used to increase psychic powers.
• It clears psychic channels.
• Lemongrass is used to dispel apathy and boredom.
• It is used for dispelling self-pity and self-centeredness.
• It is used to increase spiritual energy.

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MYRRH

Do not use for entire term of pregnancy.

Myrrh is one of the oldest documented oils known.  Traditionally, is has been used by the most ancient of civilizations as a medicine, perfume, and incense.

Myrrh has many useful properties, which include:

Antibacterial

Anti-catarrhal

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-microbial

Anti-phlogistic

Antiseptic

Astringent

Balsamic

Sedative

Myrrh is highly valued as a healing ointment for wounds.  Legend has it that no soldier in ancient Greece would go into battle without a paste made from myrrh with him to heal any wounds that he might receive.  Myrrh combines the valuable properties of healing, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory.  It is especially good for wounds that are slow to heal or those that have become "weepy".  It is also valuable for treating eczema and athletes foot that has cracked and is weeping, due to its antifungal properties.

It is often used as a vaginal douche.  Its antifungal properties will help to eliminate the itchiness and discharge associated with thrush and candida, in combination with the necessary dietary changes.

Myrrh is particularly useful in treating dental problems, especially gum disease, gingivitis, and ulcers.  For  oral use - please only use a specially prepared tincture of myrrh.  It does taste extremely bitter and will sting for a little while (especially if treating ulcers or cut gums), but the healing is very quick and it can be mixed with a little mint oil for a more pleasant taste.  There are several good quality toothpastes on the market that include myrrh as a base ingredient.

Myrrh overlaps with many of frankincense's properties (myrrh and frankincense are close botanical relatives), in treating catarrh, chest infections, coughs, chronic bronchitis, colds, sore throats, and loss of voice.  It possesses a very good "drying" quality that helps in any illness where excess mucus is a symptom.  for treating such an illness, it is best used either in a massage oil or in a steam inhalant.

Myrrh is less useful as a bath oil, as it is very difficult to dissolve, even in alcohol.  It is a very sticky resin that usually needs to be warmed prior to use in order to pour it from its bottle.

It is also an oil that stimulates the digestive tract and it is a useful remedy in treating diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, and trapped wind when used as a very gentle massage on the stomach area.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the planet Saturn.

Myrrh has long been used in ceremonies associated with:

• Healing,
• Protection (especially during astral travel),
• Transformation/rites of passage,
• Consecration of buildings, and spiritual tools,
• Grounding,
• Increased spiritual understanding,
• Releasing/transcending pain, grief, and sorrow,
• Exorcism and dispelling negative energies.

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PALMAROSA

A beautiful smelling oil, combining the scents of both rose and geranium.  It has a long history of use in Indian medicine to guard against infectious diseases and fevers.  It contains a very powerful bactericide, which is particularly good for treating intestinal infections.  It is so powerful that it can kill E Coli bacteria in 5 minutes.

Palmarosa is a digestive stimulant, with a long use in treating loss of appetite and sluggish digestive tracts.

It is also widely used in skin care, as it hydrates and stimulates the skin cell regeneration and balances out the sebum production.  It is good for treating both acne and toning crepey skin on the neck.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with Venus.
• It is used to attract romantic love and increased love of self.
• It is used for protection from negative energies.
• Palmarosa is used to focus intent.

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PATCHOULI

Patchouli oil is used extensively in the Far East to treat insect bites.  It has a very strong smell that can last many weeks after use; it can linger on clothes even after they have been washed many times.  It's a smell you either love or loathe.  Your liking or loathing of it will affect Patchouli's aphrodisiac qualities.

Patchouli has many properties that make it ideal for skin care and treating skin conditions.  Its astringent, antiseptic, antifungal, and cell regeneration properties make it ideal for treating acne, athletes foot, cracked and chapped skin, dandruff, dermatitis, weeping eczema, impetigo, skin sores, oily skin, open pores, and wrinkles.

This oil is also a nervous stimulant and antidepressant and is commonly used to treat nervous exhaustion and stress related complaints.

Patchouli's other major properties include:

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-microbial

Antiviral

Aphrodisiac

Astringent

Bactericide

Deodorant

Febrifuge

Fungicidal

Spiritual Properties:

• It is a feminine oil aligned with Saturn and Pluto.
• It is a potent aphrodisiac that enhances sensuality.
• Patchouli awakens kundalini energy.
• It is used for grounding.
• It assists in manifestation ceremonies.
• It increases powers of divination.

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PEPPERMINT

Do not use during entire term of pregnancy.

Skin irritant - dilute to a maximum of 1% before use.

Store away from homeopathy and do not use in conjunction with homeopathy.

Peppermint is probably best known for its healing properties for the digestive system.  It is widely used by the pharmaceutical industry in medicine for stomach problems, including heartburn and indigestion.

In its aromatherapy form, peppermint has a far greater variety of uses.

Sticking with the digestive tract for a moment, not only is it beneficial for the stomach; it is also useful in treating liver and intestinal complaints.  Its antispasmodic properties (relieving and relaxing the spasming muscles of the stomach and surrounding area) means it is very handy to use to relieve colic (not in children or babies), diarrhea, indigestion, vomiting, and stomach pains.  For these conditions a very gentle massage with heavily diluted oil to the stomach is recommended.

Its antispasmodic qualities means that it can be used to treat asthma attacks - but there are better oils available for this treatment.

Peppermint oil contains a powerful sudorific property (promotes sweating). This makes it very useful to treat the onset of colds and flu, to relieve the aches and chills that often accompany this.  Used in a steam inhalation, it is also useful to clear the sinuses and nasal passages.

Its mildly antiseptic and antibacterial properties make it ideal in steam treatment for treating acne.

Used as a cold compress on the forehead and temples, it is useful to relieve headaches.  If you can catch a migraine early enough it will also relieve this, although unfortunately, its strong smell will make many migraine sufferers nauseous when the migraine is too far advanced.

It does have the ability to clear the head and promote clear thinking.  The same properties make it useful as an emergency treatment for shock; sprinkle a few drops of the oil neat on to a hankie and inhale deeply.

Peppermint's stimulant properties means that it should not be used in the evening.  Likewise, peppermint should not be used over a long period of time as not only is it a skin irritant, but its stimulant is accumulative and will disturb your natural sleep patterns.

A mixture of eucalyptus and peppermint oils sprinkled near rodents, ants, and cockroaches will make them leave the area.  This is an environmentally safe way to rid yourself of these pests without harming the environment or posing a danger if you have children or pets.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with Mercury and Venus.
• It is used to enhance mental and spiritual clarity.
• Peppermint dispels negative thought forms.
• It is used in the purification and cleansing of sacred space and ritual objects.
• It increases psychic sensitivity and awareness.

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PETITGRAIN

Do not use during the first 4 months of pregnancy.

Petitgrain oil is a gentle oil which possesses a fresh flowery smell that is similar to a superior eau de cologne, which is hardly surprising as for centuries petitgrain has been one of its primary ingredients.

This oil is often used to treat insomnia that has been induced by loneliness and unhappiness, rather than a racing mind, anxiety, or stress.

Petitgrain is often used for its gentle antidepressant properties, when the depression has been caused by loneliness.  This same property makes it useful for treating those convalescing from illness, who are physically and emotionally run down, especially if mild depression is also present as a result of long term recuperation.  It is also effective in treating seasonal affective disorder (S.A.D.).

It is a gentle antiseptic, making it ideal to treat acne, greasy hair, and dandruff.  To treat dandruff and greasy hair, add a few drops of petitgrain to the final rinsing water, after shampooing, taking care not to get the water in eyes.

It also possesses mild deodorizing properties and is ideal for treating excessive sweating.

It is also suitable for treating stomach disorders such as dyspepsia and flatulence.  A gentle massage to the stomach area will bring relief.

Spiritual Properties:

• It is aligned with the Sun.
• It eases mental anguish, releasing emotional tension and healing emotional wounds, restoring balance for the emotional body.
• It is a ground oil, bringing the person back to the here and now, rather than reliving the emotional trauma of the past.
• Reminds us of the strength and power of simplicity.

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ROSE

Do not use for the first 4 months of pregnancy.

Rose is known as "the Queen of Oils" and it is believed to be the very first oil to be distilled.

This is a relatively expensive oil, due to the vast quantities of rose petals needed to extract a tiny amount of concentrated oil.  Its price is soon offset however, by the tiny amount needed each time.

This oil is said to be governed by Venus and is always the oil of preference to use in any treatment for disorders of the female reproductive system, menstrual problems, and female sexual issues.  Rose oil is especially good for women who have a history of miscarriage.

It is often used (in conjunction with appropriate exercise) for treating a slightly prolapsed womb.

Rose oil is used to treat irregularities of the menstrual cycle and also to reduce excessive blood loss during menstruation.  Its ability to regulate the menstrual cycle and therefore ovulation, and also its ability to increase semen production in men, has meant that rose oil is commonly used as an aid to conception.

Rose oil contains a gentle yet potent antidepressant and this is used to treat both PMS and mild post natal depression effectively.

This antidepressant property is also used to treat the aftermath of a romantic relationship breakdown, where grief rather than anger is the foremost emotion felt.

The oil contains aphrodisiac properties allowing it to be helpful for women who are not secure in their own sexuality; whether this be a lack of confidence in their own desirability or an inability to recognize their own sexual maturity (which can be an underlying cause of anorexia) or in an inability to establish a fulfilling sexual relationship.  It is also useful in overcoming difficulties in an established relationship.

Rose oil is also particularly good for use with dry, sensitive and/or aging skin.  It is also used to reduce the appearance of thread veins that appear on the face, but this is a slow process and must be kept up daily for many weeks to be beneficial.

Spiritual Properties:

• Rose is a feminine oil, aligned with Venus.
• The symbol of the rose has been used for many thousands of years to represent the Trinity of goddesses and in later years the Virgin Mary.
• Its use is recommended when giving readings to produce greater clarity especially in the areas of love and close relationships.
• It promotes inner peace and compassion by soothing anger.
• It can open, cleanse, and balance the heart chakra.
• Used prior to sleep, it can promote prophetic dreams.
• It encourages the letting go of the past, especially redundant or negative relationships and unhealthy emotional dependency.
• It dispels fear, grief, sadness, and regret.

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SANDALWOOD

Sandalwood has been used for many centuries in India as a perfume and incense.  Traditional Ayurvedic medicine uses Sandalwood to treat many ailments especially urinary tract infections such as cystitis.  It is used in combination with rose oil to produce the famous scent "aytar".

There are many types of sandalwood oils; the ones that are best used for aromatherapy are East Indian, Vietnamese, and New Caledonia.  Australian Sandalwood produces an inferior oil and West Indian sandalwood oil is of no therapeutic value.  Sandalwood does not seem to be a strong smelling oil, however, it "develops" on contact with the skin (just like a good quality commercial perfume does) and it is amazingly persistent, lingering for a very long time.

As already mentioned, sandalwood is used to treat urinary tract infections.

It is an effective oil to treat bronchitis and dry, persistent, irritating coughs.  Not only does it ease coughing, it is an expectorant and it also contains a sedative which will give the sufferer relief by allowing an undisturbed sleep and further aiding recovery.  To treat these, it is best used diluted with a carrier oil, as a rub for the chest and throat areas or use in a burner as an inhalant.

It is also used to treat mild stomach and digestive tract disorders, as it eases stomach-ache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.  The oil should be applied diluted in carrier oil and a very gentle stomach massage given.

Sandalwood has a myriad of uses in skin care.  It is used to treat rashes and wrinkles, and diminish the appearance of stretch marks.  It is good for both dry skin and acne.  It is particularly good to use for men and male teens as it has a more masculine scent than other "flowery" oils and many commercial aftershaves and male colognes use synthetic sandalwood to scent their products.  It is particularly good for treating shaving rash.  It can be used to treat a greasy scalp when used in the final rinsing water after shampooing the hair.

Spiritual Properties:

• Sandalwood is a feminine oil, aligned to both the Moon and Jupiter.
• It is a plant with a strong protective nature, especially of buildings.  It is recommended that one drop of oil be placed in each corner of a dwelling or business place.
• It dispels both fear and negative energies.
• It promotes spiritual awareness, inner peace, and aligning oneself with one's higher purpose.
• It aids divination and meditation.
• It is often used to aid manifestation.

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